Monitor Test
Measure your actual refresh rate, sweep the screen for dead pixels, and eyeball the gradient patterns for banding.
What this test checks
A dead pixel stays black on every color; a stuck pixel glows in one color (usually red, green, or blue) on a black screen. One or two subpixels can often be revived by gently massaging the spot through a cloth, but clusters are a panel defect — check your manufacturer's dead-pixel policy before the return window closes, especially on a new or second-hand purchase.
If the measured refresh rate is far below your monitor's spec — 60 Hz on a 144 Hz panel is the classic case — the monitor is fine but the setting isn't: check the display settings of your OS, and make sure you're using the cable that supports the full rate (older HDMI versions cap high refresh rates; DisplayPort usually doesn't). Visible banding in the gray ramp usually points to a 6-bit panel or a color-depth setting, not a broken screen.